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UNIX PRIMER [220829] |
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| UNIX Command | Action |
|---|---|
| alias h 'history' | sets h as alias to history command |
| cancel -a all | cancels all printer jobs; then RESET printer to go |
| cat myfile.html | displays myfile.html, stopping at end-of-file |
| cat myfile.html | more | displays myfile.html, a page-at-a-time by pressing Spacebar, a line-at-a-time by pressing Return |
| cat /var/log/apctemp | lists apc temperature every 15 min |
| cd | steps up to default (home) directory |
| cd .. | steps up one directory level |
| cd ../xyz | changes to directory xyz at same level |
| cd directoryx | steps down one directory level to directoryx |
| cd /usr/local/apache | changes to directory /usr/local/apache |
| chmod a+rwx abc | adds read/write/execute capabilities to user, group, and others on file abc |
| cf -k | to find percentage of disk usage |
| chmod g+w abc | adds write capability to group on file abc |
| chmod o+r abc | adds read capability to others on file abc |
| chmod u+x abc | adds execute capability to user on file abc |
| chmod o-r abc | removes read capability to others on file abc |
| chmod o-wx abc | removes write and execute capability to others on file abc |
| chmod 444 abcde | adds read capability to user, group, and others on file abcde |
| chmod 555 abcde | adds read and execute capability to user, group, and others on file abcde |
| chmod 666 abcde | adds read and write capability to user, group, and others on file abcde |
| chmod 655 abcde | adds read and write capability to user and read and execute capability to group and others on file abcde |
| chmod 700 abcde | adds read, write and execute capability to user and removes all capabilities for group and others on file abcde |
| chmod 777 abcde | adds read, write and execute capability to user, group, and others on file abcde |
| chown ponce apache | change owner to ponce of file [directory] apache |
| convert -border 8 -bordercolor darkkhaki -raise 8 a.jpg ab.jpg | convert a.jpg image to ab.jpg image which has an 8-pixel-colored (darkkhaki) 8-pixel-raised border |
| convert_im -border 8 -bordercolor darkkhaki -raise 8 a.jpg ab.jpg | convert a.jpg image to ab.jpg image which has an 8-pixel-colored (darkkhaki) 8-pixel-raised border (attila server) |
| cp a.html b.html | copies a.html into b.html |
| date | displays calendar date and time |
| df -k / | lists used and available space on hard disk |
| du -a | prints number of 512-byte blocks in use by each directory |
| du -sk apo_backup | prints number of kilobytes in apo_backup |
| emacs myfile.html | invokes Edit-MACroS editor to edit myfile.html |
| find myfi* | lists all files starting with myfi in current directory and all others below it |
| find . -type d -print | lists all directory files in current directory |
| find . -type d -print | more | lists all directory files in current directory, a page-at-a-time by pressing Spacebar, a line-at-a-time by pressing Return |
| find $home -type d -print | lists all directory files in home directory |
| find $home -type d -print | more | lists all directory files in home directory, a page-at-a-time by pressing Spacebar, a line-at-a-time by pressing Return |
| find /usr/local/apache/htdocs/ponce -name '*.htm*' -exec chmod 0 {} \; | Disables browsing |
| firefox -P carus | to run firefox with carus file |
| ftp hostname | to transfer files to and from remote hostname |
| f77 myfile.f -o myfile | compiles myfile.f and creates executable myfile under Fortran77 |
| f90 myfile.f -o myfile | compiles myfile.f and creates executable myfile under Fortran90 |
| grep abc | globally find regular expression abc and print |
| history | lists history of n commands previously run on terminal window; n set in .cshrc |
| history -r | lists history of commands in reverse order |
| history 10 | lists last 10 commands, instead of the n set in .cshrc |
| jobs | lists active jobs |
| kill 1234 | terminates process 1234, listed by ps -f -u ownerx shown below |
| limit | show current limits on shell processes such as cputime |
| ln abc.html a.html | creates a pseudonym a.html for existing file abc.html |
| logout | terminates the login shell (closes the terminal window) |
| lp myfile.ps | sends 1 copy of postscript file myfile.ps to defaulf printer |
| lpl myfile.ps | sends 1 copy of postscript file myfile.ps to defaulf printer (landscape mode) (Visualab implementation) |
| lp -n 5 myfile.ps | sends 5 copies of postscript file myfile.ps to default printer |
| lp -d lex myfile.ps | sends 1 copy of postscript file myfile.ps to destination printer lex |
| lpq | lists print queue |
| lprm jones | removes all jones jobs queued on default printer |
| lpstat -d | show the default printer destination |
| ls | lists current directory |
| ls -a | lists directory including hidden files, preceded with period (.) |
| ls -l | lists current directory showing protection, owner, size, and date |
| ls -l | more | lists current directory, a page-at-a-time by pressing Spacebar, a line-at-a-time by pressing Return |
| ls -al | grep abc | lists current directory, including hidden files (a), and link with (pipe |) grep abc (globally find regular expression abc and print) |
| ls *xyz.* | lists all files with name ending string 'xyz', in current directory |
| mkdir protected12 | creates subdirectory protected12 in current directory |
| more myfile.html | displays beginning of myfile.html, then, a page-at-a-time by pressing Spacebar, a line-at-a-time by pressing Return |
| mplayer aaa.mpg | plays movie aaa.mpg at regular size |
| mplayer -fs aaa.mpg | plays movie aaa.mpg using all screen |
| mv abc.html def.html | renames abc.html as def.html |
| mv abc.html /usr/jones | moves abc.html into subdirectory /usr/jones |
| ps -f -u userx | reports active processes in full (f) only (u) for userx |
| ps -ef | grep ssh | globally find regular expression ssh and print |
| pwd | prints (displays) working (current) directory |
| quota -v | shows usage, quota, and limit in user account |
| rehash | refreshes terminal window to operate newly installed software |
| rm bde.html | removes (deletes) bde.html |
| rm -r testtest | removes (deletes) directory testtest |
| rm -rf .mozilla/ | removes (deletes) cached mozilla directory |
| rsync -avzh . ton.sdsu.edu:/usr/local/apache/htdocs/ponce/ | copies to ton server all files in . [uon, origination] that are different from . in ton |
| scan +outbox | displays (Mail) outbox file in character cell format |
| scan +outbox | more | displays (Mail) outbox file in character cell format, one page at-a-time |
| scp aaa.f hostname: | makes a secure copy of file aaa.f in root directory of hostname |
| scp -r aaa name:aaaback | makes a secure copy of subdirectory aaa in subdirectory aaaback of host name |
| scp -r . apu.sdsu.edu:/usr/local/apache/htdocs/ponce | makes a secure copy of ponce directory and subdirectories into apu backup folder |
| show -noshowproc 123 | displays (Mail) outbox file No. 123 |
| source .cshrc | executes .cshrc file |
| ssh hostname | secure shell (login) to hostname (requires username and password) |
| ssh -l groupmember localhost | secure shell (login) to groupmember on local host (requires username and password) |
| ssh attila.sdsu.edu -l jones | secure shell (login) to user jones in attila.sdsu.edu (requires password) |
| strings modelr.res | lp -d ps231b | removes binary strings from modelr.res and prints to printer labeled ps231b |
| strings worddocument.doc | displays to screen content of MS Word document |
| su - groupmember | switch (login) to groupmember (requires password) |
| tail -f /usr/local/apache/logs/ponce.sdsu.edu-error_log | debug files in ponce.sdsu.edu |
| telnet hostname | communicate with hostname using telnet (requires username and password) |
| time myfile | executes myfile and shows time usage |
| unlimit cputime | changes cputime on current shell to unlimited |
| /usr/platform/sun4u/sbin/prtdiag|head | lists system config w/memory size |
| /usr/sbin/poweroff | to poweroff server |
| who | lists users currently logged into the system |
| whois abc.com | queries domain name database for ownership/status of abc.com |
| xemacs myfile.html | invokes eXtended Edit-MACroS editor to edit myfile.html |
| xrefresh | refreshes the x terminal window |
| !12 | executes command no. 12 listed by the history command |
| /usr/platform/sun4u/sbin/prtdiag - v | to check platform status |
| useradd -c 'Firstname Lastname' -s /usr/bin/tcsh -d /export/home/machica -m -g staff machica | to create account, then passwd machica type ___ retyp ___ |
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