CIV E 395 - INTRODUCTION TO CIVIL ENGINEERING DESIGN FALL 2004 DESIGN ELEMENTS OF A STREAM/RIVER CROSSING 1. LEVEL (SPATIAL) Above channel bed (conventional bridge), at level (ford), combined (bridge-ford). 2. SIZE OR IMPORTANCE Culvert, bridge, large bridge. 3. LENGTH OF USE (TEMPORAL) Temporary (military), permanent (civilian). 4. MATERIAL Wood, reinforced concrete, prestressed concrete, steel, bricks, composite, strings. 5. STREAM CHARACTER Stays in place, moves horizontally (unstable), moves vertically (scour); overtop possibility, debris load; perennial, intermittent, ephemeral; wide, narrow; deep, shallow; encroachment; climate. 6. REMOVE FOR NAVIGATION Draw bridge. 7. STRUCTURE TYPE/STABILITY Own weight (standard), suspension (new pedestrian bridge at College Ave.), hanging (old, archaeological). 8. FOUNDATION Rock, soil, piles. 9. TYPE OF USE Pedestrian, trains, motor vehicles. 10. USEFUL LIFE Days, 25 years, 50 years, 100 years.