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CIV E 530 - OPEN-CHANNEL HYDRAULICS
SPRING 2013 - MIDTERM 2 - SOLUTION
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PROBLEM 3: ESSAY QUESTIONS
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1.
The main difference between the Manning and Chezy formulas is that the Chezy formula can be expressed
in dimensionless form, while the Manning formula cannot.
2.
Free board is the vertical distance from the top of the channel to the water surface at the design condition.
It is OK to use the freeboard in an extreme condition, such as with the Probable Maximum Flood.
3.
The normal range of variation of the angle of repose θ of noncohesive materials is 20-40 degrees.
4.
The are twelve (12) types of water-surface profiles in gradually varied flow.
The profiles C1 and C3 are completely horizontal.
5.
So (gravity), Sc (friction), and Froude number (hydraulics).
6.
The five characteristic values to which the flow depth gradient Sy tends in water-surface profile
computations are: (1) bottom slope So, (2) critical slope Sc, (3) 0 (horizontal) , (4) +∞ and (5) -∞.
The latter two are associated with the hydraulic jump.
Problem 1
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