(a) What is deep percolation in the context of
L'vovich's water balance? (b) What is its average value on a global
basis? (c) Why is deep percolation usually neglected in practice?
What is the difference
between the psychrometric constants used in the Penman and Penman-Monteith
evaporation methods?
(a) Describe
Mockus' explanation
of how he arrived at his rainfall-runoff
relation.
(b) What other sources of variability
are implicitly included in the Antecedent Moisture Condition (AMC),
other than soil type, land use, and hydrologic
condition?
In catchment flow,
what is the
difference between: (a) superconcentrated and concentrated flow?
(b) concentrated and subconcentrated flow?
Explain the differences in terms of the
shape of the runoff hydrograph and the
associated peak flow.
(a)
Explain how a tropical rainforest such as the Amazon
is better able to
recycle rainfall than a semiarid forest. (b) What demonstrable fact reveals
that humid regions recyle moisture more effectively than arid regions?
(a) What is the value
of the (mean) annual global terrestrial precipitation Pagt
used in the conceptual model of drougnt intensity-duration-frequency
across the climatic spectrum? (b) How is it determined?
Why
is the determination
of regional aquifer parameters using baseflow recession data
likely to be more accurate
than conventional hydrogeologic determinations based of pumping tests?
(a) When using a linear
reservoir in unit hydrograph determinations, why is the Courant number
C
limited to values less than or equal to 2? (b) Why does C = 2 effectively
result in a hydrograph resembling the rational method?
What condition is necessary for the
Muskingum-Cunge (M-C) method to improve
on the classical Muskingum method?
(b) What value of Courant number C assures numerical accuracy in the M-C method? Why?
What is the reason
for the documented
increase in the number of glacial lakes in the
White Range of Peru in the past 50 years?
(Bonus question) Why do the Muskingum and Muskingum-Cunge
methods become unstable and break down for values of X > 0.5?
(Bonus question) Why is the general dimensionless unit
hydrograph (GDUH) better suited for unit hydrograph analysis than
the conventional NRCS and Snyder unit hydrographs?
(Extra bonus question) (a) What is runoff
diffusion in the context of modeling surface-water hydrology?
(b) What physical parameter quantifies
runoff diffusion? (c) How has this parameter evolved in the past sixty years of
research in the modeling of surface-water hydrology?