PROJECT DESCRIPTION

PROJECT OVERVIEW

A website will be developed to enable engineering students to perform online analysis and design of diverse applications in water resources engineering, including hydraulics, hydrology, water quantity, and water quality. The website will be powered by a Sun Blade 1000, an UltraSPARC-III-based workstation/server suited for compute-intense applications.

The website has been initially developed under the domain name onlinecomp.sdsu.edu. This proposal requests resources to enhance and expand the site, which currently resides on the P.I.'s personal workstation. The site was created in response to the perceived need to use the power of the web more effectively. Increasingly, students around the country are using the web for many applications.

A logical extension of this trend is to build into the web the ability to perform computations by means of legacy programs, CGI scripts, and web-oriented languages such as PERL and PHP. The P.I. has recently developed onlinecomp.sdsu.edu to accomplish this task. As development continues and the site grows in size and popularity, it is expected that it will require its own power to remain responsive. The primary audience for this project is civil engineering undergraduate students across the United States.

The Principal Investigator has been active on the web for the past several years. In June 1999, he started the intensive development of http://ponce.sdsu.edu, an example of web-absed practice which now comprises more than 200 links. Once the website was able to convey useful information (passive mode), the next step was to include the capability to perform online computations (active mode).

The onlinecomp.sdsu.edu site makes it possible for visitors to interact with a computer program directly on the web, by accessing online documentation, browsing through sample data sets, entering input, running (executing) the program, and recording (examining) the output. This proposal requests resources to expand, support, power, and continue this effort in web-based engineering education. An intrinsic part of the proposed research is to involve undergraduate students in the development and implementation of web-based scripts. Given the web's popularity and ubiquitous presence, the need for online computing and education is now more apparent than ever.

GOALS AND OBJECTIVES

The overall objective is to support the continued development of onlinecomp.sdsu.edu. The project requests release time (quarter-time for the first year and one eight-time for the second year) for the Principal Investigator, and funds to purchase equipment and support student assistants during the project duration (2 years). Once operational, the website will be readily accessible by undergraduate engineering students in universities across the U.S. The site will be used for curricular applications in engineering hydrology, engineering hydraulics, open-channel hydraulics, and water-resources engineering. Dissemination of the site is an intrinsic component of the proposed project (See "Outcomes").

The goal is to implement up to one hundred (100) scripts to solve a variety of problems in hydraulics, hydrology, and water resources engineering. Currently, the site has nine (9) operational computer programs running on beta testing mode. Issues of format, ease of utilization, and security will become important as development of the site continues beyond its initial stage. The objective is to merge software components such as HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language), XML (Extended Markup Language), CSS (Cascading Style Sheets), CGI (Common Gateway Interface), PERL (Practical Extraction and Reporting Language), PHP (Personal Home Page), and the legacy programs written in traditional languages such as C, C++, Basic, and Fortran. (Many legacy programs, developed prior to the Internet age, can be effectively incorporated into the mainstream in this way, saving associated development costs). The aforementioned components will be merged into a seamless system such that the visitors, primarily undergraduate civil engineering students across the U.S., are dealing with input, output, and the appropriate online documentation. The ease, convenience, and universal access of the web is its most powerful vantage point.

A related and equally important objective is to develop onlinecomp.sdsu.edu for tutorials in water-resources engineering related to hydraulic and hydrologic computations. For instance, a link explaining the concepts of the storage-indication method of reservoir routing, its applicability, data requirements, computational procedure, algorithms, and limitations, is envisioned. The tutorial section will effectively complement onlinecomp.sdsu.edu so that visitors can have a more meaningful learning experience.

The proposal requests funds to employ undergraduate students in the development and implementation of web-based scripts. Students will be actively engaged in assisting the Principal Investigator in the continued development of onlinecomp.sdsu.edu.

Actual online computations in engineering are a relatively new and far-reaching endeavor. The P.I. has researched search engines and websites in educational institutions across the U.S., and has not found a site similar to onlinecomp.sdsu.edu. Thus, the P.I. believes that this is the only currently available non-commercial site dealing with hydraulic and hydrologic engineering online computations.

DETAILED PROJECT PLAN

The project will develop onlinecomp.sdsu.edu to be used by undergraduate engineering students across the U.S. The students will be able to run computer programs and view tutorial pages about topics related to hydraulic, hydrologic and water-resources engineering. In these times, it is paramount that the power of the power be used not only to retrieve information but also to create information. This will lead to increased productivity and resulting benefits.

Project Features

To accomplish the project objectives, the following steps are envisioned:

  1. The acquisition and installation of one (1) SUN Blade 1000 workstation. The system features a high-performance crossbar-switch system interconnect that provides high-band width (up to 4 GB/sec) suited for ultra-high-speed processors. The selected configuration is the following:

    • One (1) Sun Blade Model 2750, with two (2) two superscalar, 64-bit, high-performace UltraSPARC-III CPU slots, 8 memory slots, 4 PCI I/O slots, and 2 FC-AL disk bays.
    • Two (2) 750-MHz UltraSPARC-III CPU's, 8 MB L2 cache
    • One (1) 1024 MB of memory
    • One (1) 36-GB 10000 RPM FC-AL disk
    • One (1) 21-in color monitor
    • One (1) additional 21-in color monitor.
    • One (1) Elite 3D DC6, 24-bit color Double-Buffered Graphics Accelerator (for additional monitor)
    • One (1) Sun Gigabit Ethernet PCI adapter 2.0
    • One (1) 600 MHz Sun PCi II Coprocessor PCI card (to run Windows 2000 OS concurrently)
    • One (1) 256-MB memory expansion for PCi II card
    • One (1) Internal 10X DVD-ROM drive
    • One (1) Solaris 8 operating system

  2. The development of onlinecomp.sdsu.edu beyond its initial capabilities. This entails the identification, design, implementation, documentation, and testing of a number of scripts that perform diverse computations in hydraulics, hydrology, and water resources. For this purpose, the P.I. will be released quarter-time for the first year and one-eighth time for the second year from his teaching duties. To begin the implementation of the proof of concept, nine (9) programs have been initially tested for onlinecomp.sdsu.edu. The P.I. will identify and select appropriate problems and tools for inclusion in the website. The following topics are being initially considered. Other topics will follow as development continues.

    • Hydraulics of open channnels (1-D, 2-D, steady/unsteady)
    • Hydraulics of closed conduits (steady/unsteady)
    • Surface-water hydrology (evaporation, evapotranspiration, infiltration, runoff)
    • Groundwater hydrology and hydraulics (1-D, 2-D, steady/unsteady)
    • Hydrogeology
    • River hydraulics
    • Sediment transport
    • Erosion computations
    • Water-quality hydrology
    • Storm-water hydrology
    • Flood hydrology
    • Catchment hydrology
    • Reservoir hydrology
    • Wetland hydrology
    • Statistical hydrology
    • Stochastic hydrology

  3. The development of online tutorials on topics and subjects identified on item 2. The tutorials will be designed to ease the transition from passive to active web user. The visitors will be shown by example how to prepare the data sets, run the models, and extract the generated information in an expedient fashion. The tutorials will include problem background, explanation of concepts, explanatory graphics, model documentation, sample input data set, and sample results. The overall objective of the tutorials is to support the increased effectiveness of the website.

  4. The development of a system to track the flow of users and user information. This will enable the P.I. to determine the users' profile and eventually improve the potential utility of the website.

Background

The Principal Investigator has been active on the web for several years. In 1997, he initiated the development of http://ponce.sdsu.edu. Eventually, the P.I. developed his webpage into a website, with more than 200 links and 1000 pages. As the website grew in size and complexity, the P.I. developed a classification system based on the Dewey Decimal System to help visitors navigate the site more effectively.

After organization, the P.I's website was ready to be used for web-based practice, a philosophy of computer use by which the individual person works exclusively on the web, including e-mail, communications, reports, presentations, marketing, research, publishing, learning, teaching, biodata, etc. Since 1999, the P.I. has been actively involved in web-based practice. The first major task was to post all the P.I.'s journal papers on the web, followed by research reports and other accounts of projects, current and past.

The development of the onlinecomp.sdsu.edu site required the implementation of CGI scripting in conjunction with the PERL language. For the "proof of concept", the P.I. used several of the computer programs already available as part of his textbook Engineering Hydrology, Principles and Practices (Prentice Hall, 1989), and other hydraulic programs developed over the years while teaching Open-channel Hydraulics.

The following programs were implemented on onlinecomp.sdsu.edu:

  • BACKWATER: Computation of M1 water-surface profile in a natural channel using the standard-step method.
  • CASCADE: Catchment routing with the cascade of linear reservoirs.
  • CHANNEL: Computation of critical and normal depth in trapezoidal, triangular, and rectangular channels.
  • COLBY: Sediment discharge using the Colby method.
  • DIRECTSTEP: Computation of S3 water-surface profile in a prismatic channel using the direct-step method.
  • GUMBEL: Flood frequency analysis using the Gumbel method.
  • GRAVITYPIPE: Computation of gravity flow in a circular pipe.
  • PEARSON: Flood frequency analysis using the Log Pearson III method.
  • TR55GRAPH: Computation of flood peak with the SCS TR-55 Graphical Method.

Project Plan

The project plan consists of the following steps:

  1. The acquisition of the workstation, peripherals, and software listed in the previous section. The Sun Blade 1000, a state-of-the-art compute-intense workstation/server, is expected to handle the expected load for the first two years of site implementation.

  2. The development of up to one-hundred (100) dynamic applications on the onlinecomp.sdsu.edu website. This includes the identification, formulation, implementation, documentation, and testing of diverse scripts dealing with hydraulic, hydrologic, and water-resources engineering. Currently the P.I. has close to thirty (30) applications that can be developed for web-based practice. Some of these applications have been listed in (http://ponce.sdsu.edu/software.html); others are part of his textbook: Engineering Hydrology, Principles and Practices.

  3. The development of online tutorials for each script that is placed on the onlinecomp.sdsu.edu website. The purpose of the tutorials is to familiarize the student with the technical contents of the site, so that he/she will have a one-stop source of information on the relevant topic. The tutorials will have graphical aids following the P.I.'s experience on his own website; for example, see http://ponce.sdsu.edu/wilhelmwerner.html.

  4. The development of a system to track the visitors of the website. This is for the purpose of learning and documenting visitor profiles and interests, so that the website can be improved in the future. Features such as counters, guest books, and relational data bases, will be implemented using CGI, PERL, MySQL, and PHP.
The following applications will be initially implemented as part of the present project:

  1. BRUNE: Computation of reservoir life based on Brune's trap efficiency formula.
  2. CURVENUMBER: Computation of SCS runoff curve number.
  3. DIFFUSION: Two-plane linear diffusion-wave catchment routing model.
  4. DYNA: A dynamic wave model for unsteady flow in open channels.
  5. JOINTPROB: Correlation coefficient of the joint probability distribution of monthly runoff volumes.
  6. KINEMATIC: Two-plane linear kinematic-wave catchment routing model.
  7. MODEINS: Modified Einstein Procedure for total sediment load in rivers.
  8. MODELRIVER: A movable-boundary gradually varied steady flow model of tropical rivers.
  9. MUSK: A Muskingum-Cunge variable-parameter channel flow routing model.
  10. NONLINEAREG: Two-predictor variable nonlinear regression.
  11. OVERLAND: A diffusion-wave overland-flow open-books-in-series catchment model.
  12. PONDH: A detention-pond reservoir routing model for design of flood-detention basins.
  13. RAINFLO: A generalized-topology catchment model for the simulation of flood flows.
  14. RATING: Computation of parameters of discharge-area relation based on uniform flow.
  15. RESERVOIR: Reservoir routing by storage indication method.
  16. TWODHYDRO: A depth-averaged two-dimensional hydrodynamic model.

Project Timetable

The onlinecomp.sdsu.edu website will be fully operational at the end of the two-year project duration. The timetable includes planning for equipment purchase, delivery of equipment, installation, testing, and software implementation. Full development of the site will start as soon as project funds are available.

Facilities and Resources

The SUN Blade 1000 workstation will be housed in the College of Engineering Building. The installation of the workstation will be performed under the supervision of Christopher Paolini, Unix Systems Administrator. The purpose of the workstation will be exclusively to support online.sdsu.edu, including development and actual usage.

EXPERIENCE AND CAPABILITY OF THE PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

Dr. Victor M. Ponce has more than thirty (30) years of experience in civil engineering, hydraulics, hydrology, water resources engineering, and computational modeling. His experience in computational modeling began in 1973, when he was a doctoral student in the Hydraulics and Hydrology Program at Colorado State University. In this capacity, he developed many computer programs to solve unsteady flow problems in water and sediment routing.

In 1980, the P.I. became Associate Professor of Civil Engineering at San Diego State University. From the start, he took responsibility for the hydrology/hydraulics portion of the curriculum, and was assigned to teach CEE445 (Applied Hydrology) and CE530 (Open-channel Hydraulics). Throughout the 1980's, the P.I. taught these classes by emphasizing computer applications, including the development and use of computer programs. The P.I.'s textbook, Engineering Hydrology, Principles and Practices, published in 1989 by Prentice Hall, included several hydrology computer programs in the Appendix. Since 1980, the P.I. has also taught the freshman undergraduate course "Computer Applications in Engineering" (E-120).

In the past 10 years, the P.I. has published more than twenty papers in leading scientific and professional journals (see Biodata). Most of these papers have a computational component; moreover, many of them have been coauthored with SDSU students.

Over the past three years, the P.I. has been very active on web development for educational applications. His website ponce.sdsu.edu is a good example of web-based practice, with more than 200 links dedicated to teaching, research, and service, reaching a broad audience throughout the world.

EVALUATION PLAN

The proposed project will be evaluated according to procedures and criteria established by NSF. The evaluation will be conducted by an ad-hoc team especially constituted for this purpose. The team consists of professionals of recognized stature, who are experts in their respective fields. The evaluation team will consist of the following professionals: (1) an expert in computational applications, (2) an expert in web-based practice and online applications, (2) an expert in the teaching of hydrology and water resources, and (3) an expert in hydrologic engineering practice.

The following individuals have been selected for the evaluation team:

  • Dr. Jose Castillo, Professor of Mathematical Sciences, San Diego State University. Dr. Castillo is an expert on computational mathematics and physics, and is currently director of the SDSU Doctoral Program in Computational Science. Dr. Castillo brings more than 15 years of experience in computational science to the evaluation committee.

  • Dr. Soobey Bhattacharjee, Professor of Mechanical Engineering, San Diego State University. Dr. Bhattacharjee has more than 8 years of experience in web-based practice and online applications. He is currently managing the thermo.sdsu.edu site, which is by far the most popular site on the SDSU website.

  • Dr. Richard H. Hawkins, Professor and Chair, Watershed Resources, School of Renewable Natural Resources, The University of Arizona. Dr. Hawkins is an expert in hydrology, watershed hydrology, surface-water hydrology, and environmental hydrology. He has more than 30 years of teaching and research experience in hydrology and water resources.

  • Mr. Sezar Ercan, Senior Hydrologist at State Hydraulics Works, Ankara, Turkey. Mr. Ercan has a wealth of experience in web-based GIS and data-base applications in hydrology and water resources. Mr. Ercan will bring to the evaluation committee his practical experience in hydrologic web-based applications.

The evaluation plan for this project consists of three parts:

  1. Planning evaluation
  2. Formative evaluation
  3. Summative evaluation

The planning evaluation will assess understanding of the project's goals, objectives, strategies, and timelines. It will also serve the purpose of describing the status of key outcome indicators prior to the project to serve as a baseline for measuring success. The planning evaluation will be performed within two months of project funding.

The formative evaluation will assess ongoing project activities. It begins at project start-up and continues throughout the life of the project. It consists of implementation evaluation and progress evaluation. The purpose of the implementation evaluation is to assess whether the project is being conducted as planned. The purpose of the progress evaluation is to assess progress in meeting the project goals. The formative evaluation, both implementation and progress, will be conducted twice during the project life; the first after six months of project start, and the second 12 months later.

The summative evaluation will assess the project's success. It takes place after ultimate modifications and changes have been made, after the project has been stabilized and after the impact of the project has had a chance to be realized. The summative evaluation will be conducted at the end of the two-year project duration.

A comprehensive evaluation plan will be developed to determine the extent to which onlinecomp.sdsu.edu will satisfy its goals and objectives, and to propose alternative strategies, if necessary. At a minimum, the plan will assess the following:

  1. Quality and usefulness of the project

    • The scripts' usefulness to educate undergraduate students on topics related to hydraulics and hydrology.
    • The extent to which the scripts are actually reflective of current needs in the teaching of hydraulics and hydrology. An assessment of needs will be made after appropriate consultation with the evaluation team and a suggested list of expert educators.
    • The extent to which the documentation, graphics, and sample data sets constitute a clear and concise explanation of the script.

  2. Impact of the project on student learning

    • The extent to which undergraduate students are actually visiting the site.
    • The extent to which students feel that they are benefiting from using the site.
    • The teaching of web-based applications development to undergraduate students to enable them to become active participants.

  3. Impact of the project on web-based engineering education

    • The extent to which undergraduate engineering students across the U.S. are furthering their web-based hydrologic education through http://onlinecomp.sdsu.edu.
    • The extent to which the project is serving as a catalyst for similar educational and instructional projects in web-based science and engineering.

OUTCOMES

The outcome of the proposed research will consist of the following:

  1. The developed prototype onlinecomp.sdsu.edu, residing on the Sun Blade 1000 server. The site will be based on the P.I.'s 30 years of experience with computational models for hydraulic, hydrologic, and water-resources applications. The experience of the experts comprising the evaluation team will weigh heavily on decisions relating to what scripts will be developed on onlinecomp.sdsu.edu. The P.I. will work closely with the evaluation team in order to effectively implement the "proof of concept".

  2. A pilot test providing a credible evaluation of the prototype. The test will be performed under the guidance of the evaluation team of experts specifically assembled for this project.

  3. A report providing the results of the evaluation. The report will be distributed to engineering faculty across the nation. The report will also be posted on the P.I.'s website.

  4. A dissemination strategy and related appropriate action leading to:

    • The registration of the onlinecomp.sdsu.edu site with major search engines such as:

      • Yahoo!: portal providing a category-based web directory.
      • Altavista: web and newsgroup search engine.
      • Google: engine that uses text-matching techniques to find important and relevant pages.
      • Excite: global media company offering consumers and advertisers comprehensive internet navigation services.
      • Hotbot: offers the ability to use plain-english terminology to construct web searches.
      • Studyweb: a comprehensive searchable categorized index suited to students and educators.

    • The preparation of a journal article describing the site, its intended purpose, its architecture, its visitor profile, the experiences of students, and the history of usage. The audience to be reached includes engineering professors throughout the U.S. who may be considering developing similar sites. This article will be submitted for publication in an appropriate journal.

    • The development of a plan for an annual evaluation of the website's capability to keep abreast of developments in hydraulics, hydrology, and water-resources engineering. At a minimum, this plan will involve consultation with leading educators in the field, including those comrpising the evaluation team.