CIV E 634-SURFACE WATER HYDROLOGY
SPRING 2005
MIDTERM EXAM
MONDAY MARCH 14, 2005, 1900-2015

Name: ___________________ Red ID: _________________ Grade: _______

Instructions: Closed book, closed notes. Use engineering paper. When you are finished, staple your work in sequence, and return this sheet with your work. Answer only 10 questions.

 

  1. What is the difference between L'vovich's approach to the water balance and the conventional approach?

  2. Why is the Penman-Monteith method an improvement over the original Penman method?

  3. What is the difference between the kinematic and conceptual models of overland flow? Be specific: describe equations and effects on hydrograph.

  4. What four variables are considered in the Papadakis-Kazan formula for time of concentration?

  5. Why is the Mockus approach to runoff generation better than Horton's?

  6. What are the four variables in the runoff curve number methodology?

  7. What other effects are included in the antecedent moisture condition?

  8. What is albedo? What is the mean albedo of the Earth's surface? What is the mean albedo at the top of the atmosphere? How does albedo vary from rain forests to deserts? How is albedo related to desertification?

  9. Why is Budyko's model important in surface-water hydrology? How do the water balance coefficients Kc, Kd, and Kr vary across the climatic spectrum?

  10. Explain the El Niño phenomenon. How often does an El Niño event likely to recur?

  11. What is the mean annual global terrestrial precipitation, according to the Ponce, Pandey and Ercan paper? What is the maximum value of potential evapotranspiration? Why is average return period always greater than average duration?

  12. How does ecosystem conservation help with the management of droughts?